Mixed discipline競技・連盟管理

Mixed-sex sports (also known as coed sports) are individual and team sports whose participants are not of a single sex. In many organised sports settings, rules dictate an equal number of people of each sex in a team (for example teams of one man and one woman). Usually, the main purpose of these rules are to account for physiological sex differences. Mixed-sex sports in informal settings are typically groups of neighbours, friends or family playing without regard to the sex of the participants. Mixed-sex play is also common in youth sports as before puberty and adolescence, sport-relevant sex differences affect performance far less.

There are multiple dynamics to mixed-sex sports teams. Where sex differences in human physiology do not play a significant role in a person's proficiency in a sport, then men and women may compete in a single open class, as in equestrian sports. When sex is a major factor in a competitor's performance, sports will typically split men and women into separate divisions, but there may be mixed-sex team variants, such as mixed doubles. In artistic judged sports, these physical differences play a key role in performances, as demonstrated in pair figure skating and acrobatic gymnastics.

Mixed-sex sport events may be organised to achieve certain social aims, such as boosting female participation in sport, as a form of exercise, or to improve social harmony between the sexes.

It is uncommon in most organised sports to find individuals of both sexes competing head-to-head due to physiological differences. This is to ensure equal opportunity for both males and females to participate in fair sporting competition because of the divergence in physical capacity for athletic achievement. Young children often participate in mixed-sex sports leagues because the physical differences between males and females are not as pronounced before the age of puberty. Male puberty confers a measurable physical advantage on athletic performance, and male performance in athletic events begins to exceed that of age-matched females during early adolescence. Additionally, many non-contact sports separate men and women in competitive settings. Due to historical gender biases against women and lower levels of female participation, as well as the differences in physical capacity, these sports often maintain a female-only category while offering an open category for both men and women.

In most forms of motorsport, men and women are allowed to compete in direct competition. Female competitors who have achieved wins at the highest levels of motorsport include Danica Patrick, Ellen Lohr and Michèle Mouton, with Mouton finishing runner-up in the 1982 World Rally Championship. There are some series which are female only in an effort to promote women in motorsport, most notably the former W Series and F1 Academy. However, these series have caught criticism for segregating female drivers as opposed to supporting them in their own campaigns.

In equestrian sports, male and female riders compete against each other in eventing, dressage and show jumping disciplines. Female jockeys compete alongside male ones in horse racing, though they constitute a minority of jockeys overall. Beyond the human athletes, male and female horses are found in racing, with a roughly 60/40 split at the top level between colts and fillies.

In snooker, the professional tour is open to men and women, with for instance four female players competing on the main tour in 2023/24 (Reanne Evans, Mink Nutcharut, Rebecca Kenna and Baipat Siripaporn). In addition, the separate women-only tour encourages female participation in the sport.

In hard court bike polo, players, regardless of sex, compete against each other, in teams of 3, in every day play and in tournaments. There is normally no stipulation on sex, but to encourage diversity some tournaments require all teams to included a mixture of sexes or genders.

In croquet, three women have won the British Association Croquet Open Championship: Lily Gower in 1905, Dorothy Steel in 1925, 1933, 1935 and 1936, and Hope Rotherham in 1960. In 2018, two international Golf Croquet championships open to both sexes were won by women: Rachel Gee of England beat Pierre Beaudry to win the European Golf Croquet championship, and Hanan Rashad of Egypt beat Yasser Fathy (also from Egypt) to win the World over-50s championship.

The mixed division is a staple of Ultimate (without being the standard)—it is the only division showcased at both the 2013 and 2017 World Games. Seven-player mixed teams (4 men plus 3 women, or 4 women plus 3 men) directly compete. While most often players mark opponents of the same gender, match-ups between people of different gender are not uncommon to see. Open divisions are common in Ultimate, where sex/gender is not explicitly relevant in team composition—although at highest competitive levels male players predominate these divisions. Accordingly, although women's divisions are also common, men's are not (only appearing in settings without open divisions).

In sport shooting, the physical demands are lower relative to other sports, though fatigue and grip may be different between sexes. Research is conflicting about the influence of sex in the performance of shooters.

In 1966 the International Shooting Sport Federation published its open events as mixed. From 1968 to 1980, men and women competed together in Olympic shooting.

In the NCAA, the main governing body of college/university sports in the US, the only sport in which men and women compete against one another directly is rifle shooting. While male and female riders compete against one another in international equestrian sports, NCAA-recognized competition is open only to women, currently as part of the NCAA Emerging Sports for Women program. The NCAA awards a combined men's and women's team championship in two sports—fencing and skiing—but all individual bouts or races involve members of the same sex, and te